Code of Ethics

Originality and Plagiarism:

• Authors must ensure their work is entirely original and not plagiarized. 
• They should properly cite all sources, including their own previous work, to avoid self-plagiarism. 
• Elsevier may use originality detection software like iThenticate to verify originality. 

Multiple Publication:

• Authors should not submit the same manuscript to multiple journals or primary publications.
• They should only publish one original manuscript describing the same research. 

Accurate Representation of Research:

• Authors must accurately represent their research findings and methodologies.
• They should avoid misrepresenting data, results, or methods.
• Any errors discovered should be reported and corrected. 

Author Contributions and Authorship:

• All individuals who have made a substantial contribution to the research and are entitled to authorship should be included as authors. 
• The corresponding author should obtain approval from all co-authors before submitting the manuscript. 
• Authors should clearly define their contributions and take responsibility for the content of the paper. 

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest:

• Authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest, including financial or personal relationships that could bias their work.
• Examples of potential conflicts include employment, consultancies, or grants.
• The editor will determine how any conflict of interest should be disclosed in the published article.

Publication Ethics:

• Authors should follow the journal's specific guidelines and policies regarding publication ethics. 
• They should adhere to all applicable laws and regulations. 
• They should be aware of the consequences of violating ethical principles, which may include the retraction of the paper.