Plagiarism & Research Integrity Policy

The Journal of Accounting and Finance Review (JAFR) strictly follows the HEC plagiarism policy and uses Turnitin to screen all submissions.

• Similarity Index must be under 19%, with no single source exceeding 5%.

• Plagiarism—including copying text, ideas, data, or visuals from any source (even your own) without proper citation—is not tolerated.

• Quoted or reused text must be cited and placed within quotation marks.

• Any inspiration from prior work (e.g., study design or structure) must be clearly referenced.

Image/Data Integrity:

• Do not manipulate images, figures, graphs, or tables in any way that misrepresents the data.

• Prohibited actions include altering, combining, or enhancing visuals to mislead or obscure information.

Violations:

• Detected plagiarism or image manipulation may lead to manuscript rejection or post-publication retraction.

• Allegations of misconduct will be investigated. JAFR may contact institutions or funders and take corrective action if necessary.